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  1. ↑ Jump up to:1.0 1.1 de Witte PB Nagels J van Arkel ER, et al. Study protocol subacromial impingement syndrome: the identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms (SISTIM). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011; 12:1-12. 
  2. ↑ Jump up to:2.0 2.1 2.2 Cools AM, Michener LA. Shoulder Pain: Can One Label Satisfy Everyone and Everything? Br J Sports Med. 2017 Feb 16;51(5):416–7.
  3. ↑ Jump up to:3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lewis J. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Musculoskeletal Condition or a Clinical Illusion? Physical Therapy Reviews 2011;16:388-298.
  4. ↑ Jump up to:4.0 4.1 4.2 KHAN Y, NAGY MT, MALAL J, WASEEM M, The painful shoulder: shoulder impingement syndrome. Open Orthop J Sept 2013, 6(7): 347-51
  5.  Neer CS. Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:41–50.
  6.  Leroux J-L, Codine P, Thomas E, Pocholle M, Mailhe D, Blotman F. Isokinetic evaluation of rotational strength in normal shoulders and shoulders with impingement syndrome. Clin Orthop. 1994;304:108–115
  7. ↑ Jump up to:7.0 7.1 KATCHINGWE AF, Phillips B, Sletten E, Plunkett SW., Comparison of Manual Therapy Techniques with Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Shoulder Impingement: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial. The Journal of Manual Manipulative Therapy 2008;16(4): p238-¬‐247
  8. ↑ Jump up to:8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Bigliani LU, Levine WN. Current concepts review: Subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:1854–1868.
  9. ↑ Jump up to:9.0 9.1 9.2 Harryman DT, Sidles JA, Clark JM, McQuade KJ, Gibb TD, Matsen FA. Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid with passive glenohumeral motion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72-a:1334–1343.
  10. ↑ Jump up to:10.0 10.1 Morrison DS, Greenbaum BS, Einhorn A. Shoulder impingement. Orthop Clin North Am. 2000;31:285–293
  11. ↑ Jump up to:11.0 11.1 Nicholson GP, Goodman DA, Flatow EL, Bigliani LU. The acromion: Morphologic condition and age-related changes. A study of 420 scapulas. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;5:1–11.
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  13.  DE BIE R.A., BASTIANENEN C.H.G. Effectiveness of individualized physiotherapy on pain and functioning compared to a standard exercise protocol in patients presenting with clinical signs of subacromial impingement syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2010 Jun 9; 11:114.Level of evicence: 1B
  14.  Phil Page, PhD, PT, ATC, LAT, CSCS, FACSM, Shoulder Muscle Imbalance and Subacromial Impingement Syndrome in Overhead Athletes, Int J Sport Phys. Ther., 2011
  15.  http://www.sbcoachescollege.com/articles/UpperCrossSyndromeShPain.html
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  17. ↑ Jump up to:17.0 17.1 17.2 Urwin M, Symmons D, Allison T, et al.: Estimating the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the community: the comparative prevalence of symptoms at different anatomical sites, and the relation to social deprivation. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57: 649–55.
  18. ↑ Jump up to:18.0 18.1 McClure PW, Michener LA, Karduna AR. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1075–1090.
  19. ↑ Jump up to:19.0 19.1 Belling Sorensen AK, Jorgensen U. Secondary impingement in the shoulder. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000;10:266–278.
  20. ↑ Jump up to:20.0 20.1 20.2 Lukasiewicz AC, McClure P, Michener L, Pratt N, Sennett B. Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29:574–583.
  21. ↑ Jump up to:21.0 21.1 21.2 Belling Sorensen AK, Jorgensen U. Secondary impingement in the shoulder. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000;10:266–278.
  22. ↑ Jump up to:22.0 22.1 Cuff A, Littlewood C. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome – What does this mean to and for the Patient? A Qualitative Study. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. Elsevier Ltd; 2017 Oct 17;:1–14.
  23. ↑ Jump up to:23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 23.9 Diercks R, Bron C, Dorrestijn O, Meskers C, Naber R, de Ruiter T, et al. Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Subacromial Pain Syndrome. Acta Orthopaedica. 2014 May 21;85(3):314–22.
  24. ↑ Jump up to:24.0 24.1 24.2 Björnsson Hallgren H. Treatment of Subacromial Pain and Rotator Cuff Tears [dissertation]. Linköping University Sweden. 2012.
  25.  Dhillon KS. Subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder: a musculoskeletal disorder or a medical myth?. Malaysian orthopaedic journal. 2019 Nov;13(3):1.
  26.  http://www.jointsurgery.in/shoulder-arthoscopy/anatomy-of-shoulder/
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  28. ↑ Jump up to:28.0 28.1 Tate A.R., McClure P.W., Young I.A., Salvator R., Michener L.A., Comprehensive Impairment-based Exercise and Manual Therapy Intervention for Patients with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Case Series. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2010; 40(8): p474-93 (Level of evidence 4)
  29.  Park SW, Chen YT, Thompson L, Kjoenoe A, Juul-Kristensen B, Cavalheri V, McKenna L. No relationship between the acromiohumeral distance and pain in adults with subacromial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):1-4.
  30.  Bhattacharyya R, Edwards K, Wallace AW. Does arthroscopic sub-acromial decompression really work for sub-acromial impingement syndrome: a cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:1. 
  31.  Randelli P, Randelli F, Ragone V, et al. Regenerative medicine in rotator cuff injuries. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:129515
  32.  Ostor AJ, Richards CA, Prevost AT, Speed CA, Hazleman BL: Diagnosis and relation to general health of shoulder disorders presenting to primary care. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 800–5.
  33.  Garving, C., Jakob, S., Bauer, I., Nadjar, R., & Brunner, U. H. (2017). Impingement Syndrome of the Shoulder, Dtsch Arztebl. 765–777. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2017.0765
  34. ↑ Jump up to:34.0 34.1 Fongemie AE, Buss DD, Rolnick SJ. Management of shoulder impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears. American family physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):667.
  35.  Lockhart RD. Movements of the Normal Shoulder Joint and of a case with Trapezius Paralysis studied by Radiogram and Experiment in the Living. J Anat 1930; 64: 288-302
  36.  Hegedus EJ, Goode A, Campbell S, Morin A, Tamaddoni M, Moorman CT, Cook C. Physical Examination Tests of the Shoulder: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Individual Tests. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007 Aug 24.
  37.  Hughes PC, Taylor NF, Green RA. Most Clinical Tests Cannot Accurately Diagnose Rotator Cuff Pathology: A Systematic Review . Aust J Physiother. 2008;54(3):159–70.
  38.  Murrell GA, Walton JR. Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Tears. The Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):769-70.
  39.  Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Tests for the Different Degrees of Subacromial Impingement Syndrome. JBJS. 2005 Jul 1;87(7):1446-55.
  40.  Michener LA, Walsworth MK, Doukas WC, Murphy KP. Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of 5 Physical Examination Tests and Combination of Tests for Subacromial Impingement. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009 Nov 1;90(11):1898-903.
  41.  MICHENER L.A., WALSWORTH M.K., DOUKAS W.C., MURPHY K.P. Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of 5 Physical Examination Tests and Combination of Tests for Subacromial Impingement. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009 Nov; 90(11): 1898-903. Level of evicence: 1C
  42. ↑ Jump up to:42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 Park HB, Yokota A, Gill HS, El Rassi G, McFarland EG. Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Tests for the Different Degrees of Subacromial Impingement Syndrome. JBJS. 2005 Jul 1;87(7):1446-55. Level of Evidence 1
  43.  ALGUNAEE M, GALVIN R, FAHEY T, Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ach Phys Med Rehabil 2012, 93(2): 229-36
  44.  Smith M, Sparkes V, Busse M, Enright S. Upper and Lower trapezius muscle activity in subjects with subacromial impingement symptoms: Is there imbalance and can taping change it? Physical Therapy in Sport. 2009:10, 45-50
  45.  Rodríguez-Piñero Durán M, Vidal Vargas V, Castro Agudo M. Hallazgos ecográficos en el síndrome de dolor subacromial crónico [Ultrasound findings in chronic subacromal pain syndrome]. Rehabilitacion (Madr). 2019;53(4):240-6.
  46.  Rhon DI, Boyles RE, Cleland JA, Brown DL, A manual physical therapy approach versus subacromial corticosteroid injection for treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial, BMJ Open 2011
  47.  AKGUN K, BIRTANE M., AKARIMAK U., Is local subacromial corticosteroïd injection beneficial in subacromial impingement syndrome?, Clin Rheumatol 2004, 23(6): 496-500
  48.  http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00032
  49.  Arthroscopic subacromial decompression – Dr Terry Hammond.dv Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLdjvpxXgnU
  50.  Shoulder Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression – Dr. Tony Jabbour Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLd9yBiK3RA
  51.  YELDAN I., CETIN E., OZDINCLER A.R. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on shoulder function in subacromial impingement syndrome. Disability and rehabilitation. 2009; 31(11): 935–940 (Level of evidence 1b)
  52.  Ron Diercks, Carel Bron, Oscar Dorrestijn, Carel Meskers, René Naber, Tjerk de Ruiter; Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of subacromial pain syndrome; Pages 314-322 | Received 23 Jan 2014, Accepted 04 Mar 2014, Published online: 21 May 2014;JournalActaOrthopaedica Volume 85, 2014
  53.  Bang MD, Deyle GD. Comparison of Supervised Exercise With and Without Manual Physical Therapy for Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2000;30(3):126-137 (Level of evidence 1b)
  54.  Kuhn JE. Exercise in the treatment of rotator cuff impingement: A systematic review and synthesized evidence-based rehabilitation protocol. Journal fo Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2009;18:138-160 (Level of evidence 1a)
  55. ↑ Jump up to:55.0 55.1 Smith M, Sparkes V, Busse M, Enright S. Upper and Lower trapezius muscle activity in subjects with subacromial impingement symptoms: Is there imbalance and can taping change it? Physical Therapy in Sport. 2009:10, 45-50 (Level of evidence 3b)
  56.  Theresa Holmgren, Hanna Björnsson Hallgren, Birgitta Öberg, Lars Adolfsson, Kajsa Johansson; Effect of specific exercise strategy on need for surgery in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: randomised controlled study; BMJ 2012; 344 (Published 20 February 2012)
  57.  Stefanos Farfaras, Ninni Sernert, Lars Rostgard Christensen; Subacromial Decompression Yields a Better Clinical Outcome Than Therapy Alone: A Prospective Randomized Study of Patients With a Minimum 10-Year Follow-up; First Published March 15, 2018; The American Journal of Sports and Medicine
  58.  Berg OK, Paulsberg F, Brabant C, Arabsolghar K, Ronglan S, BjØrnsen N et al. High-Intensity Shoulder Abduction Exercise in Subacromial Pain Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(1):1-9.
  59.  MORRISON D.S., FROGAMENI AD, WOODWORTH P., Non-operative treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome?, J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997. 79(5): 732 (Level of evidence 2b)
  60.  Sports Congress. Subacromial Pain Syndrome and Scapular Dyskinesia – Sports Medicine Congress 2016. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv5YLrIGdn8 [last accessed 30/10/17]