Objective
Hip Pain
The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) is a questionnaire designed to assess patients’ perceptions of their hip joint and related problems, and to assess their symptoms and functional limitations during treatment[1][2 ].
Other versions of HOOS have been developed based on the original 40-question questionnaire, such as HOOS PS (five items), HOOS JR (six items), and HOOS-12 (see below). [3]
HOOS is an extension of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) [1].
Intended Population
HOOS, outcome measure for eg THR
This measurement is recommended when there are symptoms of hip disability with or without osteoarthritis (OA). Hip osteoarthritis is a common chronic musculoskeletal disorder that is a cause of pain, functional impairment, and decreased quality of life [4].
HOOS is intended to be used at short and long-term intervals to assess changes over time or the effect of treatments (pharmaco-physiotherapy manipulations) [2].
Factors to consider when using HOOS include age, sex, weight, geographic location, other chronic disease, history of an inactive hip, contralateral hip disease, and active knee or ankle or foot problems [5][6][7 ].
Implementation
The HOOS questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that patients fill out and takes 7 to 10 minutes to complete. It is designed to be self-explanatory and user-friendly [1]. HOOS consists of 40 items with five possible responses ranging from 0 to 4 (0 = worst score; 100 = best possible score). To answer the questions, standardized answer options are given in 5 Likert boxes with scores ranging from 0 to 4 (without mild, moderate, severe and extreme). HOOS has five subcategories:
- Pain (10 items, total score 40 points)
- Symptoms and stiffness (5 items total 20 points)
- Activities of Daily Living (17 items with a total score of 68 points)
- Role in Sports and Recreational Activities (16 points total for four items)
- Quality of life (total score of four items is 16 points)
HOOS 12
HOOS-12 is a 12-item metric derived from the original HOOS. HOOS-12 contains
- 4 HOOS Pain items,
- 4 HOOS function (daily life and sports/recreational activities) items
- 4 HOOS Quality of Life (QOL) items.
HOOS-12 is easier to complete than the original HOOS. Like the full HOOS survey, HOOS12 seeks to solicit people’s views on the difficulties they experience with hip problems and covers aspects such as pain functional limitation and hip-related quality of life. [8]
- The HOOS-12 has been found to be a reliable and effective alternative to HOOS in patients with moderate to severe OA and provides three domain-specific and summary hip impingement scores, significantly reducing the burden on respondents. [9]
- The HOOS-12 scale scores were modified so that 0 is the worst score and 100 is the best score, similar to the method used to score the original HOOS scale [8]. The HOOS-12 calculator is available at https://orthopowertools.com/HOOS12.
Results
After patients complete the questionnaire, standardized scores for each subscale are calculated using the following formula:
- 100 – [(patient’s subscale score x 100)/(total subscale score)]
Each subscale is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 indicates extreme symptoms and 100 indicates no symptoms. The subscales can be plotted as HOOS profiles by connecting the mean scores for all 5 dimensions with lines [1][2].
Evidence
HOOS has been tested psychometrically in the assessment of hip osteoarthritis, but further testing is needed in different types of patients with other hip disabilities.
Overall, HOOS is a well-respected measure for evaluating patients after total hip arthroplasty. This is a reliable patient-reported outcome measure worth considering in addition to the time required to complete the survey [10].
It is suggested to use HOOS in combination with other outcome measures [11]. It is useful when compared to the nonarthritic hip score and the modified Harris hip score (MHHS) [12], when used with patient-specific complaint scales, numerical pain rating scales, and the six-minute score Walk test [13].
Links
HOOS investigations do not require a license. To access the HOOS form, visit Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
References
- ↑ Jump up to:1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nilsdotter AK, Lohmander LS, Klässbo M, Roos EM. Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS)–validity and responsiveness in total hip replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2003 May 30;4:10
- ↑ Jump up to:2.0 2.1 2.2 Koos.nu. What is the HOOS? Available from: http://www.koos.nu/ (Last accessed 08/09/2022)
- ↑ Putman S, Preda C, Girard J, Duhamel A, Migaud H. Mapping and crosswalk of the Oxford Hip Score and different versions of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 2021 Jul 1;479(7):1534-44. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208448/ (accessed 7.12.2022)
- ↑ Poulsen E, Christensen HW, Roos EM, Vach W, Overgaard S, Hartvigsen J. Non-surgical treatment of hip osteoarthritis. Hip school, with or without the addition of manual therapy, in comparison to a minimal control intervention: protocol for a three-armed randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 May 4;12:88
- ↑ Yu RW, McLean JM, Bahl JS, Solomon LB. Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Values in Asymptomatic and Arthritic Cohorts. Orthopedics. 2019 Mar 1;42(2):e216-e224.
- ↑ Raja A, Jenkins A, Reams M, Horst PK. Normative Data of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, JR in a Healthy United States Population. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Jun;34(6):1122-1126.
- ↑ Katakam A, Florissi IS, Colon Iban YE, Bragdon CR, Chen AF, Melnic CM, Bedair HS. Class III Obesity Increases Risk of Failure to Achieve the 1-Year Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form Minimal Clinically Important Difference Following Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2021 Jan;36(1):187-192
- ↑ Jump up to:8.0 8.1 KOOS What is HOOS 12? Available:http://www.koos.nu/hoos12userguide.pdf (accessed 7.12.2022)
- ↑ Gandek B, Roos EM, Franklin PD, Ware Jr JE. A 12-item short form of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS-12): tests of reliability, validity and responsiveness. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2019 May 1;27(5):754-61.Available: https://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(18)31515-2/fulltext (accessed 7.12.2022)
- ↑ HOOS Code technology Available:https://www.codetechnology.com/blog/hoos-hip-tool/ (accessed 7.12.2022)
- ↑ KNGF Guideline. Osteoarthritis of the hip-knee. 2018. Available from: https://www.kngf2.nl/binaries/content/assets/kennisplatform/onbeveiligd/guidelines/artrose-heup-knie-2018-prl-en-toelichting-eng_def.pdf (Last accessed 08/09/2022)
- ↑ Martin RL, Philippon MJ. Evidence of validity for the hip outcome score in hip arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2007 Aug;23(8):822-6.
- ↑ van Doormaal MCM, Meerhoff GA, Vliet Vlieland TPM, Peter WF. A clinical practice guideline for physical therapy in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Musculoskeletal Care. 2020 Dec;18(4):575-595
