References 

  1.  Kannus P, Palvanen M, Niemi S, Parkkari J, Jrvinen M. Increasing number and incidence of low-trauma ankle fractures in elderly people: Finnish statistics during 1970–2000 and projections for the future. Bone. 2002 Sep 1;31(3):430-3.
  2. ↑ Jump up to:2.0 2.1 Tidy N, Porter S. Tidy’s physiotherapy. 13th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2013.
  3.  Edwards WB, Taylor D, Rudolphi TJ, Gillette JC, Derrick TR. Effects of running speed on a probabilistic stress fracture model. Clinical Biomechanics. 2010 May 1;25(4):372-7.
  4. ↑ Jump up to:4.0 4.1 4.2 Maffulli N, Longo UG, Denaro V. Femoral Neck Stress Fractures. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine. 2009;17:90-93.
  5. ↑ Jump up to:5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Goost H, Wimmer MD, Barg A, Kabir K, Valderrabano V, Burger C. Fractures of the ankle joint: investigation and treatment options. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2014 May;111(21):377.
  6. ↑ Jump up to:6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Daly PJ, Fitzgerald RH, Melton LJ, Llstrup DM. Epidemiology of ankle fractures in Rochester, Minnesota. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1987 Jan 1;58(5):539-44.
  7. ↑ Jump up to:7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Holloway KL et al. Foot and Ankle Fracture Incidence in South-Eastern Australia: An Epidemiological Study. Clin Res Foot Ankle 2014, 2:4
  8. ↑ Jump up to:8.0 8.1 8.2 Tartaglione JP, Rosenbaum AJ, Abousayed M, DiPreta JA. Classifications in brief: Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle fractures.
  9. ↑ Jump up to:9.0 9.1 Yin MC, Yuan XF, Ma JM, Xia Y, Wang T, Xu XL, Yan YJ, Xu JH, Ye J, Tong ZY, Feng YQ. Evaluating the reliability and reproducibility of the AO and Lauge-Hansen classification systems for ankle injuries. Orthopedics. 2015 Jul 1;38(7):e626-30.
  10.  Judd D, Kim D. Foot Fractures That Are Frequently Misdiagnosed As Ankle Sprains. American family physician. 2002 Sep 1;66(5):785.
  11.  Dancocks A, Rouse A, Hiscox J. A pilot study to assess the sensitivity and specificity of an intrasound device in the diagnosis of ankle fractures. Emergency Medicine Journal. 1997 Jul 1;14(4):230-2.
  12.  Westphal T, Piatek S, Halm JP, Schubert S, Winckler S. Outcome of surgically treated intraarticular calcaneus fractures—SF-36 compared with AOFAS and MFS. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2004 Jan 1;75(6):750-5.
  13.  Schie-Van der Weert V, Van Lieshout EM, De Vries MR, Van der Elst M, Schepers T. Determinants of outcome in operatively and non-operatively treated Weber-B ankle fractures. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery. 2012 Feb;132(2):257-63.
  14. ↑ Jump up to:14.0 14.1 14.2 Nilsson GM, Eneroth M, Ekdahl CS. The Swedish version of OMAS is a reliable and valid outcome measure for patients with ankle fractures. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013 Dec;14(1):1-8.
  15.  Huang Z, Liu L, Tu C, Zhang H, Fang Y, Yang T, Pei F. Comparison of three plate system for lateral malleolar fixation. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2014 Dec;15(1):1-9.
  16.  Lin CC, Moseley AM, Refshauge KM, Haas M, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of joint mobilisation after cast immobilisation for ankle fracture: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ACTRN012605000143628]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2006 Dec;7(1):1-0.
  17.  Murdoch A, Taylor N, Dodd K. Physical therapists should consider including strength training as part of fracture rehabilitation. Physical therapy reviews. 2004 Mar 1;9(1):51-9.
  18.  Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, Steurer J, ter Riet G. Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review. Bmj. 2003 Feb 22;326(7386):417.